The Jurassic basaltic magmatism of the Tacutu rift-type basin, Amazonian Craton, Brazil: A contribution to petrological studies
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Abstract
The Tacutu rift-type basin (on the border of Brazil and Guyana) is related to the initial opening of the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean during the Mesozoic. On the Brazilian side, during the pre-rift stage, basaltic magmatism (Apoteri Formation) associated with a fluvial-deltaic system took place within a magma-poor rift domain. At least two basaltic magmatic pulses have been recorded (Ap1 and Ap2). These rocks are basalt to basalt-andesite in composition, with subalkaline, tholeiitic to calc-alkaline, low-Ti CAMP (Central Atlantic Magmatic Province), and intra-plate geochemical signatures. However, Ap1 displays an aphanitic to fine-grained porphyritic texture, while Ap2 has a notable vesicular textural feature. Ap1 has low MgO, high Ti, Zr, and REE, while Ap2 has high Mg, low Ti, Zr, and REE. Geochemical and isotopic (low Nd and high Sr isotope ratios) indicators point to different rates of differentiation and crustal contamination between Ap1 and Ap2, probably related to crustal residence time. The variations in depth/depocenters, interior block architecture (horst-graben), and fault movement rates controlled the volume and emplacement moment of the basaltic magmatic pulses during the Tacutu rifting. On the Brazilian side, the Apoteri basaltic volcanism had sub-aerial characteristics, with some degree of explosivity and fragmentation during the Ap2 pulse, while on the Guyana side mainly underwater volcanism took place, associated with a deltaic-marine system.
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